Zou kuol a Pasian thu hing lutdan

Zou Kuol a Hinna Thu Hing Lutdan

Laigieltu: Khai Minthang

Aizawl Apat Zou Kuol: Arthington Aborigines Missionaries FW Savidge leh James Herbert Lorrian-te khu 1894-1897 tan Aizawl ah missionary nasem in ana um uhi. Tuahun sung in Khantanhoi John leh Nasepte Lushai ham in ana letdoh uhi. Tuazou in Arthington Mission-te’n mission dangtawh semkhawm nuom nawnlou in FW Savidge leh James Herbert Lorrian-te nasepna khu tawpsah ahita hi.

Tuazou in Rev. & Evan David Evan Jones leh Rev. & Mrs. Robert Evans-te’n missionary nasep ana sem uhi. Amaute umlai in Dr & Mrs Peter Frazer leh a zi Welsh Calvenistic Methodist Missionary Society-te sponsorna nuoi ah 1908 October-November pawl in ana tung ua, Aizawl a Welsh Mission Clinic ah nasep anapan uhi.

Watkins R. Roberts khu missionary lunglut mama nanleh sponsor diing neilou ahizieh in Dr. Frazer-te nasepna ah panpitu in ana pang vevaw hi. Nikhat a nasepna uh clinic ah Senvon khuo Manipur apat mi khat damlou in ang kizensah a, Robert in a houlimpi leh Senvon, Manipur apat ahidan athei a, Senvon hausapa’n lai asimthei hi chi atheitah chieng in a laibu Khantanhoi John khu a peta hi. Ha thum sung veel dawnna bangma mulou a aum zou in nikhat a laibu amakung ah ang kilekia a, a ningkhat ah Senvon a pei diing a chielna ana kigiel hi. Tuami in thanuomsah mama in a naseppite tawh kikum in Senvon, Manipur a pei diing in khensatna ang neita hi. Hilezong bangchi pei diing? A lawm diing mi asui a hilezong koima’n lampi athei sih uhi.

Hun hing pei zel in, nikhat Lungpau of Maite village leh Thangkai of Bualtang village te’n 1910 laiveel in Dr. Frazer in Aizawl a Mission school ah sangnaupang 50 veel sponsor thei chi thu athei chieng un a kankhe diing in kuon uhi. Watkins R. Roberts in tua sangnaupang lunglutte ana houlimpi leh amaute khu Manipur a kipan ahidan uh agenpita uhi. Robert zong thanuom mama a, tua naupangte khu a lamhiltu diing a chiel in May 7, 1910 in Senvon, Manipur zuon in ang kipankheta hi.

Hinna Thu Senvon hing Tung: May 07, 1910 a Senvon a Watkins R. Roberts leh a kaizatamte hing tungta ahi. Tuami hun lai in church planting sang in evangelism na thupi bawlzaw uhi. Tuahun lai in Manipur North lang ah William Pettigrew pawl in mission nasepna na panzouthamta uhi. Pettigrew in Roberts nasepna mataldan amu chieng in ama zong Senvon tan survey bawl in va kuon a, khomite ama mission a zom diing a achiel anga zoulou chieng in Pettigrew in Robert nasepna khu Protestant Mission Society working in India-te dankalna chia “Where on mission society had already started working, the other missions should not undertake any work without prior undersanding between them” chi’n na mantaang hi. Tambang dan in mission nasepna khu deibang a piching thei tahtah lou in sawtveipi ana um hi. A mission headquarters zong Senvon, Tinsuong, Pherjawl, Lakhipur leh Churachandpur chite ah a kituon kawikawi hi.

Manipur simlam a Pasian iitna theiloute lah a Pasian thu taangkoupi ahita chi ang kitheikhiet chieng in Tumlam gam England leh United States-te bilsung ah ana gin-ngai mamata hi. Tuachiin, England leh United States ah Mission Board “Thado-Kuki Pioneer Mission” (1910-1024) chi’n ang kiphutkheta hi. 1924 in North East India General Mission chi’n ang kihengta hi. London Council apat A.H. Williams leh J.E. Turnley leh Philadelphia Council apat H.H. Coleman, General Secretary-te khu Roberts nasepna enkhe diing in ang kisawlta uhi. Nov. 17, 1928 in London ang nuasue ua, Culcatta ah Chritmas ang zang malam uhi. Tuahun lai in Roberts khu Culcutta ah aum a, Dohnun khu Lakhipur ah mission nasepna supervise bawl in aum hi. Nasep enkhe diingte longtung a Barrack luipi tan ni guh vingveng ang tuon zou un, mile 70 sung keng a lam hing zawt in Pherjawl ah January 17, 1929 in atungta uhi. Pherjawl ah special meeting han in mission nasep dan ang suikhiet chieng un a mission sum uh thelthangtah a kizang a, Roberts, Dohnun leh Chonga in Culcutta a “Pine & Co” a a mission sum uh na invest ahidan ang thei uhi. Tuachiin kitheisiemlouna thupitah ang tung a, Gauhati High Court tanpha ana kitun uhi. Tuanah Coleman guolzou in mission nasepna ah buoina nasatah ang tungta hi. Hun bangtan amakhat London Council leh Philadelphia Council in ang sepkhawm zou un London Board-te ang kijutkheta uhi. Tami hun laitah in Mizote khu Presbyterian a na umsate’n Tuithaphai Presbytery ana tungding in NEIGM tawh ana kikhenta uhi.

Roberts in mintha khat hing phuokhie in Manipur pulang a umte a diing in “Indo-Burma Pioneer Mission” leh Manipur sung a umte a diing in “Independent Church of India” ang chita hi. Tami zieh in Roberts nasepna zomnuomte khu “Indo-Burma Pioneer Mission” leh “Independent Church of India” ah alut ua, adangteng (Coleman ate) khu North East India General Mssion (NEIGM) ah a ki-umta hi. Tam pen 1929 lai ahi hi. Tuachiin NEIGM Mission station khu Churachandpur ah Coleman chiel Dr. G. Crozer in-charge na tawh 1930 in ang kisuonta hi. Crozer zou in Mayers in ang puo a, tuazou in Paul Rostard in hing potou in a zi Ella Rostard May 01, 1950 a ang damlou chieng in Paul zong tawldam diing in a kihanta hi. Tuazou in Rev. & Mrs. Royal C. Paddock-te’n tan ang potou uhi. Hilezong Government in “November 1953 tan a gamdangmi kichi zousie in tuami area a pawtsan diing uh” achi thusuo ang bawlta uhi. Tuazou apat in khotuolmi Nengzachin in hing potou in 1980s bullam a pension tan ang potouta hi.

1948 in NEIGM khu Presbytery nga in ang kikhen hi: Simsak Presbytery, Simkhang Presbytery, Malsak Presbytery, Malkhang Presbytery, leh Vangai Presbytery. Tami Presbytery-te lah ah Zou tamzawte khu unau Paite kampau zangte tawh hing kimeehtha in Simsak Presbytery ah ana ki-um hi. Tuazieh in NEIGM nuoi a umte pawlpi a kikhenneenna tahtah khu 1948 a hing kipan china ahita hi.

Hinna Thu Zou Kuol a Hing Lutdan: I gensa bang in Zou mite lah ah evangelism na um kawikawi lezong pawlpi piching in ina ding zou ngai sih uhi. 1922 lai in unau Mizote evangelist khat Hrangsuaka in Singngat ah ang sem hi. Hilezong, Pettigrew leh Roberts-te kibuoina zieh in kumpite apat Baptist loute in Pasian nasep na pantheilou diing chi aum zieh in Saikot ah ana kituonta hi. 1935 in hing kipankia leuleu in Khianglam ah ang busata a, 1937 tan asemta hi. Tualai in Pu Suohdou lampu diing in ana zawpi kawikawi hi.

Tuazou in unau Paite kampaute apat in Thongluan in Khajang ah evangelist nasep ang panta hi. Japan gaal (World War II) lai in tomkhat asem a, tuachin akhawlta hi. Japan gaal zou in kum kuo sung ang sem kia hi. Japan gaal zou 1946 in unau Paite kampau zangte khat ma Pumzaneng in Munpi ah LP school ang phut hi. 1947 in Singngat ah unau Paite kampau zangte ma khat in LP school ang phut kia hi. Tami hun pawl in Zou mite lah ah Pasian thu ang lut panpanta a, Christian zong khat-le-ni ang umta hi. Tambang a unau Paite kampau zangte’n ang buoipi zieh zong ahi diing a, NEIGM khawmpi in Simsak Presbytery nuoi ah Paite leh Zou mite i umkhawmta uhi.

March 1953 kum in Saikot a NEIGM khawmpi ah Presbytery khu kampau (dialect) dungzui a bawl diing in pha ang sata ua, tua dungzui in Evangelical Synod Church (Gangte), Evangelical Assembly Church (Hmar), Kuki Christian Association (Kuki), Evangelical Convention Church (Paite) leh Manipur Christian Organization (Vaiphei) in ana kikhenta hi. Lamkai diing gina umlou zieh in i teenna dungzui in Presbytery tuomtuom ah ang kithethangta hi. Tuahunlai in Zou mite biehna lam ah ki piching nailou – Pastor, Evangelist, Upa leh biehna makai diing umlou in Presbytery a kiphut thei sih hi. Tuahun lai in tribal identity a nase mama hi. 1951 kum in Manipur a Zou khuo 66 um lah ah Christian umna khuo 4 maimai aum nalai hi. Tuazou sawtlou in Zou lamkaite leh migunte hing kipan in JCA dintheina diing ah nasatah in pan angla ua, a tawp in February 20, 1954 in Jou Christian Association khu Daizang khua ah ang dingdohta hi. JCA khu nampi iitna zieh (politics???) apat mass conversion zieh a hing dingkhie abang hi.

Concluding Remarks:

1. Tumlamgam missionary-te apat direct a Pasian thu hing lut hilou in i teenkhawmpi namneu dangte apat i-nga uh ahizieh in 1910 in Hattuom na kidingzou pai nailou hi. Tuazieh in, church planting sang in personal evangelism khu ana thupibawl zaw uh zong hipai mai diing hi. Tumlamgam missionary-te apat hilevang church planting a hing kipatpi diing ahia, 1910 mama a zong eima minam min ahiei eima minam panlaahna tawh pawlpi min na umzou diing hileh a kilawm hi.

2. Zou minamte khu culture leh tradition ngainate leh zangte ihi uhi. I culture leh tradition pulam ah bangma khawhsahna inei sih ua, koiteng in bangteng gen in bangteng chilezong i hina uh ina peipi mielmuol uhi. Tuazieh in i thupil un “Saipi lamzawt a zawt” ana chi hi. Culture leh tradition kichingtah neite’n thudang bangma a buoipi man ngaisih ua, a culture leh tradition uh pammai asa uhi. Tuazieh in Pasian suina khu lunglenna apat ahizaw tangpi a, mi lunglengte khu mi lungkimloute ahia, mi lungkimloute khu lungsim tasamte (moral poverty) ahia, lungsim tasamte khu peidan kichien neilouta ahia, peidan kichien neiloute khu tawndan leh khandan (culture and tradition) neiloute ana hi taangpi uhi.

3. Missionary-te’n a evangelized masapente uh khu a taangpi thu a gen in milunglengte, chinate, panpi neiloute, etc. ahi uhi. Kolkata a William Carey in missionary aseplai in zong intellectual circle leh conservative Hindu-te zoulou in nam ngiempente lah ah ang lawching masapen hi. Dalit Theology, Minjung Theology, etc. chite veel zong nam ngiemte leh ahuoi diing neiloute apat a Pasian iitna chituna khat ahi hi.

4. Zou minamte khu i umna poupou ah tawndan-khandan kichientah neisa leh biehna kichien neisa ihi zieh un thudang ah ibuoi man sih uhi. Nam lapi, be lapi leh khanglui tangthu tampi neite ihi zieh ua, tuami ngaisutna tawh pei kawikawi a, ihina leh i ngaina ngaina deu imah chi thei ahi. Singtaang apat Lamka i tunzou nua ua zong hausa ma nei teitei nalai leh hausa-upate vaihawmna nuoi a um nuom gigete ihi uhi. Tua in zong i ngaina ipai theilou dan ang langsah hi. Lamka veng tuomtuomte en lei Lamka khosung vengkhat ah hausa aum nawnsih a, hilezong Zou mite sung enlei – Zomi Colony, Kamdou Veng, Zomunnuom, New Zoveng, Tuibuang, etc. chite ah hausa in i kipo nalai uhi. Tami in i hausa culture i paikhiet theiloudan a langsah mama hi.

5. 1948 apat Presbytery nga a hing kikhen a, 1953 a dialect dungzui in Evangelical Synod Church (Gangte), Evangelical Assembly Church (Hmar), Kuki Christian Association (Kuki), Evangelical Convention Church (Paite) leh Manipur Christian Organization (Vaiphei) in ana kikhenta hi. Tambang ahileh, 1910 khu Manipur South District a Pasian thu lutna ahia, nam or kampau level pawlpi phuna khu 1953 ahipan hi.

Laibu ette:

1. 1.Liankhohau, T., Social Cultural Economic and Religious Life of a Transformed Community (New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1994)

2. Khosoi, Kam, The Impact of the Gospel of Jesus Christ Upon the Zou People of Manipur in India, M. Th. Thesis, Graduate School, Presbyterian College and Theological Seminary, Seoul, Korea, 2000

3. Thanglienkham, Rev. & Tungnung, T.C., Eben Ezer (JCA, MCC, MPC, MGP, ABFM, ZCC, ELCC Tanchin tomkim)” in Tapidaw – 50 (JCA Golden Jubilee) A Memento of 50 Years of Christianity, Souvenir Feb. 20, 1954 – 2004, Zomi Colony, Churachandpur, 2004

4. Zou, David Vumlallian, The Pasts of a Fringe Community: Ethno-history and Fluid Identity of the Zou in Manipur, Indian historical Review, Vol. 36(2) 209-235, 2009 pp. 291-222

5. Minthang, Khai, Servants of the Cross in Zou Kam (Bangalore: Indian Evangelical Mission, 2001).